From 45ca59110dafdb3910f1d206479758cbc59bccd7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: jz8u17 <j.zhan@soton.ac.uk>
Date: Thu, 8 Apr 2021 12:50:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Add license, reformat code, update ReadMe
---
.vscode/settings.json | 5 +
README.md | 15 +-
hibernus_validation/hibernus/config.h | 5 -
hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.c | 7 +
hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.h | 23 +--
model/LICENSE | 23 +++
model/Makefile | 4 -
model/README.md | 82 +++++++---
model/costfunction.c | 116 +++++++-------
model/harv_stor.c | 193 ++++++++++++-----------
model/harv_stor_compare.c | 154 +++++++++----------
model/harv_stor_division.c | 157 +++++++++----------
model/harv_stor_range.c | 195 +++++++++++-------------
model/harv_stor_tradeoff.c | 152 +++++++++---------
model/model.c | 175 ++++++++++-----------
model/model.h | 83 +++++-----
model/rs_to_ram.c | 55 +++----
model/show_period.c | 63 --------
model/stor_constcurrent.c | 118 +++++++-------
19 files changed, 801 insertions(+), 824 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 .vscode/settings.json
delete mode 100755 hibernus_validation/hibernus/config.h
create mode 100644 model/LICENSE
delete mode 100644 model/show_period.c
diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc134d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+ "files.associations": {
+ "cstdlib": "c"
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 492ef9b..9ee7dec 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@ Three sets of software are provided here:
- A *finegrain* model used for simulating forward progress of intermittent computing systems with energy harvesting conditions (dynamic supply current).
- Embedded software (adapted [Hibernus](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6960060?casa_token=MKSfvesOIMsAAAAA:srUgSqoEAtmTTJ65Re7vh3uyq9a7D6DXrOLPzgNndRZFQ9hSgMUiPTCB2gzIij1olI7lhvU)) used for experimental validation.
-Results can be found in the paper published (*---link to be provided---*) and the corresponding [dataset](https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/447811/).
+Presentations and results can be found in the [paper](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9386252) with the same title published in IEEE TCAD (doi: [10.1109/TCAD.2021.3068946](https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2021.3068946)) and the corresponding [dataset](https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/447811/).
+
## File structure
-| Folder | Description |
-| ------------------- | ----------- |
+| Folder | Description |
+| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| data | Irradiance data for simulation, imported from <br> [NREL Solar Radiation Research Laboratory](https://midcdmz.nrel.gov/apps/sitehome.pl?site=BMS) (outdoor solar) <br> and [EnHANTs](https://enhants.ee.columbia.edu/indoor-irradiance-meas) dataset (indoor light) |
-| finegrain | The finegrain model |
-| hibernus_validation | A [TI Code Composer Studio](https://www.ti.com/tool/CCSTUDIO) (CCS) project folder of <br> an adapted version of *Hibernus* for validating results |
-| model | The theoretical model |
+| finegrain | The finegrain model as described in Section III-C of the paper, <br>with test programs |
+| hibernus_validation | A [TI Code Composer Studio](https://www.ti.com/tool/CCSTUDIO) (CCS) project folder of <br> an adapted version of *Hibernus* for validating results |
+| model | The theoretical model as described in Section III-B of the paper, <br>with test programs |
## Usage
- The CCS project is developed upon MSP430FR6989, can be directly imported to CCS.
-- For usage of the two models, please see README in each subfolder.
\ No newline at end of file
+- For usage of the two models, please see README files in each [model](https://git.soton.ac.uk/energy-driven/energy-storage-sizing/-/tree/master/model) and [finegrain](https://git.soton.ac.uk/energy-driven/energy-storage-sizing/-/tree/master/finegrain) subfolders.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/config.h b/hibernus_validation/hibernus/config.h
deleted file mode 100755
index 2754ae3..0000000
--- a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/config.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef CONFIG_H
-#define CONFIG_H
-
-
-#endif
diff --git a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.c b/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.c
index 612e9aa..b5722a4 100755
--- a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.c
+++ b/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.c
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
#include <hibernus/hibernus.h>
#include <msp430.h>
diff --git a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.h b/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.h
index f20cea5..3a240d7 100755
--- a/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.h
+++ b/hibernus_validation/hibernus/hibernus.h
@@ -1,23 +1,10 @@
/*
-Hibernus for MSP430FR5739:
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
-Hibernus: Software-based approach to intelligently hibernate and restore the system's state
-in response to a power failure. This software exploits an external comparator.
-
-Citation: If you are using this code for your research please cite:
-
-[1] D. Balsamo, A. S. Weddell, G. V. Merrett, B. M. Al-Hashimi, D. Brunelli and L. Benini,
- "Hibernus: Sustaining Computation During Intermittent Supply for Energy-Harvesting Systems,"
- in IEEE Embedded Systems Letters, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15-18, March 2015.
-
-[2] D. Balsamo; A. Weddell; A. Das; A. Arreola; D. Brunelli; B. Al-Hashimi; G. Merrett; L. Benini,
- "Hibernus++: A Self-Calibrating and Adaptive System for Transiently-Powered Embedded Devices,"
- in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems , vol.PP, no.99, pp.1-1
-
-This research has been supported by the University of Southampton and the University of Bologna.
-Copyright 2016, Domenico Balsamo, All rights reserved.
-25/05/2016
-*/
#ifndef HIBERNATION_SRC
#define HIBERNATION_SRC
diff --git a/model/LICENSE b/model/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aefe5f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/model/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/Makefile b/model/Makefile
index c6f1c5c..016c211 100644
--- a/model/Makefile
+++ b/model/Makefile
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ OUT_DIR = bin/
all : output_directory \
$(OUT_DIR)stor_constcurrent \
$(OUT_DIR)harv_stor \
- $(OUT_DIR)show_period \
$(OUT_DIR)rs_to_ram \
$(OUT_DIR)harv_stor_tradeoff \
$(OUT_DIR)harv_stor_range \
@@ -30,9 +29,6 @@ $(OUT_DIR)stor_constcurrent : stor_constcurrent.c model.o
$(OUT_DIR)harv_stor : harv_stor.c model.o
$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) -o $@
-$(OUT_DIR)show_period : show_period.c model.o
- $(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) -o $@
-
$(OUT_DIR)rs_to_ram : rs_to_ram.c model.o
$(CC) $^ $(CFLAGS) -o $@
diff --git a/model/README.md b/model/README.md
index dcf9fa7..b108384 100644
--- a/model/README.md
+++ b/model/README.md
@@ -1,31 +1,73 @@
-<!-- # Explanation of each c file
+# Introduction
-## Current folder:
-1. msp_hiber.c: capacitor sizing test based on MSP430 MCU
- and Hibernus transient approach.
+# Build and run
-2. size_harv_stor.c: scaling energy harvester (pv cell area)
- and energy storage capacity (capacitor capacitance)
- together, using equation to speed up forward progress
- estimation.
+In the current ```model``` folder, simply enter:
+```bash
+make
+```
+This builds all executables to the ```bin``` folder.
-3. size_harvester.c: similar to 7, but scale energy
- harvester only.
+To run an executable:
+```bash
+cd bin/
+./<executable_name>
+```
-4. size_storage.c: similar to 7, but scale energy storage
- only.
+For example:
+```bash
+cd bin/
+./stor_constcurrent
+```
-5. sizemodel.c: time-based simulation model with adaptive
- time step.
+# Usage
-## 'tests' folder:
+## stor_constcurrent
-6. countline.c: line counter test program for counting
- the number of data lines in order to obtain the data time
- length.
+This is a program that outputs forward progress against supply current and energy storage capacitance, as well as maximum forward progress that can be achieved with each supply current.
+The progrom prompts user input for the test ranges of capacitance and supply current.
+For example:
+```
+Please enter c_min c_step c_no (int int int, 'uF'):
+7 1 93
+Please enter i_min i_step i_no (double double int, 'mA'):
+0.1 0.1 3
+```
+This will test 7-99 uF capacitance and 0.1-0.9 mA supply current.
-7. pv_model.c: PV cell model test program.
+## rs_to_ram
+The file name 'rs_to_ram' is short for 'Restore/Save Time Overheads scaled by RAM usage'.
+This program explores the impact of different restore/save time overheads.
+Restore/save time overheads should be linear to the state size.
+
+## harv_stor
+
+This program estimates forward progress under real-world energy conditions (irradiance) by sorting the energy conditions into a time ratio distribution (as opposed to a finegrain simulation process).
+It scales the solar panel size and energy storage capacitance to gain a spectrum of forward progress.
+Before running the program, please check Line 32 and 112 of the source file (harv_stor.c) for a correct reading format of your data file, and modify it when needed.
+It prompts the uses for a data file of energy conditions, and test ranges of solar panel sizes and capacitance.
+An example can be:
+```
+bin/harv_stor
+Please enter the filename and path of dataset:
+../data/2018denver.txt
+Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), 4 cells total):
+10 30 10
+Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer):
+7 100 1
+```
+
+## harv_stor_tradeoff, harv_stor_range, harv_stor_division, harv_stor_compare
+
+Developed upon __harv_stor__, these four programs share a similar usage with __harv_stor__ but is adapted for their own features.
+
+- harv_stor_tradeoff: This trades off between forward progress against capacitor volume and interruption periods in a cost function. The parameters of the cost function can be set in the source code.
+
+- harv_stor_range: This displays the percentiles of forward progress over the test range, rather than an average value. By default, it shows the 60th and 90th percentiles.
+
+- harv_stor_division: This processes the energy condition data in a 'division' base, i.e. produce forward progress for each division rather than the whole set of data. An example usage could be analysing daily/hourly forward progress over a year.
+
+- harv_stor_compare: This program explores, when given a certain PV panel area, how much the 'benefit' is by sizing energy storage capacitance. The 'benefit' is reflected on two things: 1) the improvement of forward progress when using the same PV panel area; 2) the reduction of PV panel area to achieve the same level of forward progress.
-8. test.c: test program that actually you can write anything. -->
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/costfunction.c b/model/costfunction.c
index 3c5df44..932424a 100644
--- a/model/costfunction.c
+++ b/model/costfunction.c
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-/*
- ******************************
- * costfunction.c
- * function: a exploring test of cost functions
- * usage:
- * output: .csv in 'results' folders
- ******************************
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
@@ -19,17 +17,17 @@
#define ENHANTSD
-#ifdef NREL// for NREL
+#ifdef NREL // for NREL
#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
#define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-#endif
+#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
#endif
@@ -47,84 +45,79 @@ double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap);
/*
* Input: "data.csv" as an argument
*/
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double thrp_sec_ave;
double thrp_sec_ave_min;
- double metric;
+ double metric;
// test range parameters
- int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
FILE* fp_w = NULL;
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, argc[1], "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_g = fopen(argc[1], "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
perror("Fail to read file");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\costfunction.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_w = fopen("results/costfunction.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
printf("Failed to write file.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
// !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
#ifdef NREL
delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
#endif
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
if (g != g) {
// g = NAN
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
#if defined ENHANTSA || defined ENHANTSD
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
#endif
data_number++;
- if (g < 0) slot = 0;
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0;
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
}
// printf("slot: value:\n");
- // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
+ // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ // printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) (g_distrib[slot]) / data_number;
}
@@ -132,7 +125,7 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- // loop beginning for sizing harvester
+ // loop beginning for sizing harvester
// input from terminal
printf("Please enter cell area (area PER CELL and unit mm^2): ");
scanf("%lf", &cell_area);
@@ -145,10 +138,11 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
/* ------ Sort out Iharvest distribution ------ */
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
@@ -157,8 +151,8 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// code identical with sizing storage loop
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -180,13 +174,12 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
-
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -204,7 +197,6 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// output
printf("%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %e\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_ave, thrp_sec_ave / thrp_sec_ave_min - 1, metric);
fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %e\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_ave, thrp_sec_ave / thrp_sec_ave_min - 1, metric);
-
} /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
fclose(fp_g);
@@ -212,27 +204,23 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
return 0;
}
-double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap)
-{
+double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap) {
double metric;
- // metric = pow(fwpg, W1) /
+ // metric = pow(fwpg, W1) /
// pow(cap_volume(cap), W2) /
- // pow(recharge_time(cap), W3);
+ // pow(recharge_time(cap), W3);
- metric = fwpg / 0.2 - pow(cap_volume(cap) / 200.0, 2) - pow(recharge_time(cap), 2);
-
- return metric;
+ metric = fwpg / 0.2 - pow(cap_volume(cap) / 200.0, 2) - pow(recharge_time(cap), 2);
+ return metric;
}
-double cap_volume(double cap)
-{
+double cap_volume(double cap) {
return (double) 2.172 * pow(cap * 1e6, 0.685);
}
-double recharge_time(double cap)
-{
+double recharge_time(double cap) {
double current_supply = 0.5e-3;
return ((cap * (V_R - V_S) + T_SAVE * (current_supply - I_S)) / (current_supply - I_SLEEP) + T_RESTORE);
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/harv_stor.c b/model/harv_stor.c
index e176467..e7ba919 100644
--- a/model/harv_stor.c
+++ b/model/harv_stor.c
@@ -1,15 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
/*
- ******************************
harv_stor.c
function: scale solar panel size and storage capacitance
to gain a spectrum of forward progress
usage:
- 1. modify constants and file reading code to suit dataset
- 2. run executable with dataset filename as argument, e.g.
- windows: harv_stor.exe data\2018denver.txt
- unix: ./harv_stor.exe data/2018denver.txt
+ 1. modify constants and file reading code to suit dataset
+ see Line 32 and Line 112
+ 2. run executable and configure in prompts, e.g. (in /model path)
+ bin/harv_stor
+ Please enter the filename and path of dataset:
+ ../data/2018denver.txt
+ Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), 4 cells total):
+ 10 30 10
+ Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer):
+ 7 100 1
output: .csv in 'results' folders
- ******************************
*/
@@ -24,32 +35,29 @@
// #define ENHANTSD
-#ifdef NREL// for NREL
+#ifdef NREL // for NREL
#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
#define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-#endif
+#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
#endif
-// #define PRINT_T_MODES // print t_off, t_switch, t_on, comment if no need
+// #define PRINT_T_MODES // print t_off, t_switch, t_on, comment if no need
-/*
- * Input: "data.csv" as an argument
- */
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double thrp_sec_avr;
@@ -58,23 +66,24 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
double t_on;
// test range parameters
- int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
- double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
+ double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
@@ -83,56 +92,50 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
char* filename = (char*) calloc(0x80, sizeof(char));
printf("Please enter the filename and path of dataset: \n");
fgets(filename, 0x80, stdin);
- if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
+ if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, filename, "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_g = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
perror("Fail to read file");
-
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\harv_stor.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
+ if ((fp_w = fopen("harv_stor.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
printf("Failed to write file.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
- // !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
#ifdef NREL
delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
#endif
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
if (g != g) {
// g = NAN
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
#if defined ENHANTSA || defined ENHANTSD
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
#endif
data_number++;
- if (g < 0) slot = 0;
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0;
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
}
// printf("slot: value:\n");
- // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
+ // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ // printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) (g_distrib[slot]) / data_number;
@@ -141,29 +144,30 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- // loop beginning for sizing harvester
+ // loop beginning for sizing harvester
// input from terminal
- printf("Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total): ", N_S);
+ printf("Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total):\n", N_S);
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &s_min, &s_max, &s_step);
- printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer): ");
+ printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer):\n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &c_min, &c_max, &c_step);
// output to terminal and file
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
printf("S_panel(mm^2), Cap(uF), Avg Thrp/Sec, t_on, t_switch, t_off\n");
fprintf(fp_w, "S_panel(mm^2), Cap(uF), Avg Thrp/Sec, t_on, t_switch, t_off\n");
-#else
+#else
printf("S_panel(mm^2), Cap(uF), Avg Thrp/Sec\n");
fprintf(fp_w, "S_panel(mm^2), Cap(uF), Avg Thrp/Sec\n");
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing harvester ------ */
for (cell_area = s_min; cell_area <= s_max; cell_area += s_step) {
/* ------ Sort out Iharvest distribution ------ */
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
@@ -172,8 +176,8 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// code identical with sizing storage loop
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -186,32 +190,38 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
t_on = 0.0;
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0) t_on += t_ratio[slot];
- else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0) t_off += t_ratio[slot];
- else t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0)
+ t_on += t_ratio[slot];
+ else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0)
+ t_off += t_ratio[slot];
+ else
+ t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
thrp_sec_avr += t_ratio[slot] * thrp_sec[slot];
}
// output
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
-#else
- printf("%lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
+#else
+ printf("%lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
-
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -225,27 +235,36 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
t_on = 0.0;
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0) t_on += t_ratio[slot];
- else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0) t_off += t_ratio[slot];
- else t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0)
+ t_on += t_ratio[slot];
+ else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0)
+ t_off += t_ratio[slot];
+ else
+ t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
thrp_sec_avr += t_ratio[slot] * thrp_sec[slot];
}
// output
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- printf("%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
-#else
- printf("%lf, %d, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
-
- } /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
- } /* ------ loop end for sizing harvester ------ */
+ printf("%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr, t_on, t_switch, t_off);
+#else
+ printf("%lf, %d, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ } /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
+ } /* ------ loop end for sizing harvester ------ */
fclose(fp_g);
fclose(fp_w);
+
+ printf("\nSee results in 'harv_stor.csv'.\n");
+
return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/model/harv_stor_compare.c b/model/harv_stor_compare.c
index 6586fd8..39dafe5 100644
--- a/model/harv_stor_compare.c
+++ b/model/harv_stor_compare.c
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-/*
- ******************************
- harv_stor.c
- function: scale solar panel size and storage capacitance
- to gain a spectrum of forward progress
- usage:
- 1. modify constants and file reading code to suit dataset
- 2. run executable with dataset filename as argument, e.g.
- windows: harv_stor.exe data\2018denver.txt
- unix: ./harv_stor.exe data/2018denver.txt
- output: .csv in 'results' folders
- ******************************
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
@@ -24,17 +17,17 @@
// #define ENHANTSD
-#ifdef NREL// for NREL
+#ifdef NREL // for NREL
#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
#define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-#endif
+#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
#endif
@@ -42,95 +35,86 @@
// #define PRINT_T_MODES // print t_off, t_switch, t_on, comment if no need
-/*
- * Input: "data.csv" as an argument
- */
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double thrp_sec_avr;
// test range parameters
- int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
- double s_comp, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
+ double s_comp, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
- FILE* fp_w = NULL;
+ // FILE* fp_w = NULL;
char* filename = (char*) calloc(0x80, sizeof(char));
printf("Please enter the filename and path of dataset: \n");
fgets(filename, 0x80, stdin);
- if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
+ if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, filename, "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_g = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
perror("Fail to read file");
-
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\harv_stor_compare.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor_compare.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
- printf("Failed to write file.\n");
- return EXIT_FAILURE;
- }
+ // if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor_compare.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
+ // printf("Failed to write file.\n");
+ // return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ // }
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
- // !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
#ifdef NREL
delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
#endif
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
if (g != g) {
// g = NAN
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
#if defined ENHANTSA || defined ENHANTSD
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
#endif
data_number++;
- if (g < 0) slot = 0;
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0;
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
-
}
// printf("slot: value:\n");
- // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
+ // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ // printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) (g_distrib[slot]) / data_number;
@@ -139,11 +123,11 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- // loop beginning for sizing harvester
+ // loop beginning for sizing harvester
// input from terminal
- printf("Please enter s_comp s_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total): ", N_S);
+ printf("Please enter s_comp s_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total):\n", N_S);
scanf("%lf %lf", &s_comp, &s_step);
- printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer): ");
+ printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer):\n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &c_min, &c_max, &c_step);
// output to terminal and file
// printf("S_panel(mm^2), Cap(uF), Avg Thrp/Sec\n");
@@ -151,21 +135,19 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
-
-
-
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
// test improvement of sizing energy storage at s_comp
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, s_comp);
}
cap = minCap();
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -175,17 +157,18 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
thrp_sec_avr += t_ratio[slot] * thrp_sec[slot];
}
double thrp_sec_avr_min = thrp_sec_avr;
+ printf("\nOriginal setting (using minimum capacitance):\n");
+ printf("PV panel area (mm^2), Capacitance (uF), Forward progress\n");
printf("%lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * s_comp, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr_min);
double c_opt = cap;
double thrp_sec_avr_opt = thrp_sec_avr_min;
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
-
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
+ // error checking
if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) thrp_sec[slot] = 0.0;
}
// statistics
@@ -197,8 +180,12 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
thrp_sec_avr_opt = thrp_sec_avr;
c_opt = cap;
}
- } /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
- printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * s_comp, c_opt * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr_opt, thrp_sec_avr_opt / thrp_sec_avr_min - 1);
+ } /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
+ printf("\nUse optimal capacitance with the same PV panel area:\n");
+ printf("PV panel area (mm^2), Capacitance (uF), Forward progress, Improvement\n");
+ printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * s_comp, c_opt * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr_opt,
+ thrp_sec_avr_opt / thrp_sec_avr_min - 1);
@@ -206,17 +193,18 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing harvester ------ */
cell_area = s_comp;
- uint16_t cnt = 0xFF;
+ uint16_t cnt = 0xFF;
while (cnt >= 0) {
/* ------ Sort out Iharvest distribution ------ */
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) thrp_sec[slot] = 0.0;
@@ -243,11 +231,13 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
cell_area += s_step;
if (cnt >=0) {
- printf("%lf, %lf\n", cell_area * N_S, c_opt * 1e6);
+ printf("\nAlternative setting to achieve the same forward progress:\n");
+ printf("PV panel area (mm^2), Capacitance (uF), Forward progress\n");
+ printf("%lf, %lf, %lf\n", cell_area * N_S, c_opt * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr_opt);
}
-
fclose(fp_g);
- fclose(fp_w);
+ // fclose(fp_w);
+
return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/model/harv_stor_division.c b/model/harv_stor_division.c
index 568c607..7b2e88d 100644
--- a/model/harv_stor_division.c
+++ b/model/harv_stor_division.c
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-/*
- ******************************
- harv_stor_division.c
- function: estimate total forward progress with divisions,
- scale storage capacitance
- usage:
- 1. modify constants and file-reading code to suit dataset
- 2. run executable with dataset filename as an argument, e.g.
- windows: harv_stor_division.exe data\2018denver.txt
- unix: ./harv_stor_division.exe data/2018denver.txt
- output: .csv in 'results' folders
-
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
@@ -20,83 +13,76 @@
/* ---------- Constants --------- */
// for NREL
-// #define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
-// #define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
+#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
+#define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
// for EnHANTs A, < 10 W/m^2
// #define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
// #define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-// for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
-#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
-#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
-
-const int N_DATA_DIV = 2880; // no. of data per division
+// // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+// #define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
+// #define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
+const int N_DATA_DIV = 2880; // no. of data per division
-/*
- * Input: "*.csv" (your .csv dataset filename) as an argument
- */
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double thrp_sec_total;
// test range parameters
- int c_max; // energy storage test range
- // double s_panel; // test range of solar panel area (surface, S)
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_max; // energy storage test range
+ // double s_panel; // test range of solar panel area (surface, S)
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
FILE* fp_w = NULL;
+
+ char* filename = (char*) calloc(0x80, sizeof(char));
+ printf("Please enter the filename and path of dataset: \n");
+ fgets(filename, 0x80, stdin);
+ if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
+ filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';
+
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, argc[1], "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp_g = fopen(argc[1], "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
+ if ((fp_g = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
perror("Fail to read file");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\harv_stor_division.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
+ if ((fp_w = fopen("harv_stor_division.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
printf("Failed to write file.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- // count lines
+ // count lines
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
- // !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
- // delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
- if (g != g) { // when g = NaN, get rid of this data
+ delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ if (g != g) { // when g = NaN, get rid of this data
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
// g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
data_number++;
}
@@ -104,19 +90,20 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
rewind(fp_g);
printf("total no. of data lines: %lu\n", data_number);
printf("no. of data lines per division: %d\n", N_DATA_DIV);
- unsigned int n_div = data_number / N_DATA_DIV ;
+ unsigned int n_div = data_number / N_DATA_DIV;
printf("no. of divisions: %u\n", n_div);
- printf("no. of data lines of the last division (ignored): %lu\n", data_number % N_DATA_DIV);
+ printf("no. of data lines of the last division (ignored): %lu\n",
+ data_number % N_DATA_DIV);
double* thrp_sec_ave;
thrp_sec_ave = calloc(n_div, sizeof(double));
- // loop beginning for sizing harvester
+ // loop beginning for sizing harvester
// input from terminal
- printf("Please enter cell_area (area PER CELL and unit mm^2, 4 cells in series): ");
+ printf("Please enter cell_area (area PER CELL and unit mm^2, 4 cells in series):\n");
scanf("%lf", &cell_area);
printf("solar panel area: %lf\n", cell_area * N_S);
- printf("Please enter c_max (uF, integer): ");
+ printf("Please enter c_max (uF, integer):\n");
scanf("%d", &c_max);
// output headers to file
@@ -127,15 +114,15 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
/* ------ MinCap Test for Comparison ------ */
// cap = minCap();
// // code identical with sizing storage loop
// for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
// thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // // error checking
- // if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // // error checking
+ // if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
// printf("Storage not enough.\n");
// return EXIT_FAILURE;
// }
@@ -157,43 +144,48 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
- for (cap = 0.1 * 1e-6; cap <= c_max * 1e-6;
- cap += (cap * 1e6 < (int) ceil(minCap() * 1e6)) ? 0.1 * 1e-6 : 1e-6) {
-
+ for (cap = 0.1 * 1e-6; cap <= c_max * 1e-6;
+ cap += (cap * 1e6 < (int) ceil(minCap() * 1e6)) ? 1e-7 : 1e-6) {
thrp_sec_total = 0.0;
// output cap (uF)
fprintf(fp_w, "%.1lf, ", cap * 1e6);
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
- for (int j = 0; j < n_div; j++) { // omit the last division
- int count;
- count = 0;
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ for (int j = 0; j < n_div; j++) { // omit the last division
+ int count = 0;
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
+ while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)
&& count < N_DATA_DIV) {
// !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
- // delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
- if (g != g) { // when g = NaN, get rid of this data
+ delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ if (g != g) { // when g = NaN, get rid of this data
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
- if (g < 0) slot = 0; // negative readings treated as zero
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ } else {
+ // g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0; // negative readings treated as zero
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
count++;
}
+
// t_ratio[]
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) g_distrib[slot] / N_DATA_DIV;
}
// i_harvest[]
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the half of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the half of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
// thrp_sec[]
@@ -214,10 +206,11 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// output thrp
fprintf(fp_w, "%lf\n", thrp_sec_total);
rewind(fp_g);
-
} /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
fclose(fp_g);
fclose(fp_w);
+
+ printf("\nSee results in 'harv_stor_division.csv'.\n");
return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/model/harv_stor_range.c b/model/harv_stor_range.c
index 4fb7ce2..6acfc3a 100644
--- a/model/harv_stor_range.c
+++ b/model/harv_stor_range.c
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-/*
- ******************************
- harv_stor.c
- function: scale solar panel size and storage capacitance
- to gain a spectrum of forward progress
- usage:
- 1. modify constants and file reading code to suit dataset
- 2. run executable with dataset filename as argument, e.g.
- windows: harv_stor.exe data\2018denver.txt
- unix: ./harv_stor.exe data/2018denver.txt
- output: .csv in 'results' folders
- ******************************
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
@@ -24,32 +17,29 @@
// #define ENHANTSD
-#ifdef NREL// for NREL
+#ifdef NREL // for NREL
#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
#define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-#endif
+#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
#endif
-#define PRINT_T_MODES // print t_off, t_switch, t_on, comment if no need
+#define PRINT_T_MODES // print t_off, t_switch, t_on, comment if no need
-/*
- * Input: "data.csv" as an argument
- */
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double thrp_sec_avr;
@@ -60,23 +50,24 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
double t_on;
// test range parameters
- int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
- // double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
+ // double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of slots
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
@@ -85,57 +76,50 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
char* filename = (char*) calloc(0x80, sizeof(char));
printf("Please enter the filename and path of dataset: \n");
fgets(filename, 0x80, stdin);
- if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
+ if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, filename, "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_g = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
perror("Fail to read file");
-
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\harv_stor_range.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor_range.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
printf("Failed to write file.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
- // !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
#ifdef NREL
delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
#endif
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
if (g != g) {
// g = NAN
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
#if defined ENHANTSA || defined ENHANTSD
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
#endif
data_number++;
- if (g < 0) slot = 0;
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0;
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
-
}
// printf("slot: value:\n");
- // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
+ // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ // printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) (g_distrib[slot]) / data_number;
@@ -144,7 +128,7 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- // loop beginning for sizing harvester
+ // loop beginning for sizing harvester
// input from terminal
// printf("Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total): ", N_S);
// scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &s_min, &s_max, &s_step);
@@ -159,10 +143,11 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
/* ------ Sort out Iharvest distribution ------ */
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
@@ -171,8 +156,8 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// code identical with sizing storage loop
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -185,10 +170,13 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
t_on = 0.0;
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0) t_on += t_ratio[slot];
- else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0) t_off += t_ratio[slot];
- else t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0)
+ t_on += t_ratio[slot];
+ else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0)
+ t_off += t_ratio[slot];
+ else
+ t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
thrp_sec_avr += t_ratio[slot] * thrp_sec[slot];
}
@@ -216,33 +204,32 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// output
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
- N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6,
- thrp_sec_avr,
- thrp_sec_60,
- thrp_sec_90,
- t_off, t_switch, t_on);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
- N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6,
- thrp_sec_avr,
- thrp_sec_60,
- thrp_sec_90,
- t_off, t_switch, t_on);
-#else
+ printf("%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6,
+ thrp_sec_avr,
+ thrp_sec_60,
+ thrp_sec_90,
+ t_off, t_switch, t_on);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6,
+ thrp_sec_avr,
+ thrp_sec_60,
+ thrp_sec_90,
+ t_off, t_switch, t_on);
+#else
printf("%lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, cap * 1e6, thrp_sec_avr);
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing storage ------ */
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
-
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -256,10 +243,13 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
t_on = 0.0;
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0) t_on += t_ratio[slot];
- else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0) t_off += t_ratio[slot];
- else t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] >= 1.0)
+ t_on += t_ratio[slot];
+ else if (thrp_sec[slot] <= 0.0)
+ t_off += t_ratio[slot];
+ else
+ t_switch += t_ratio[slot];
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
thrp_sec_avr += t_ratio[slot] * thrp_sec[slot];
}
@@ -287,26 +277,25 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// output
#ifdef PRINT_T_MODES
- printf("%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
- N_S * cell_area, i,
- thrp_sec_avr,
- thrp_sec_60,
- thrp_sec_90,
- t_off, t_switch, t_on);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
- N_S * cell_area, i,
- thrp_sec_avr,
- thrp_sec_60,
- thrp_sec_90,
- t_off, t_switch, t_on);
-#else
+ printf("%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i,
+ thrp_sec_avr,
+ thrp_sec_60,
+ thrp_sec_90,
+ t_off, t_switch, t_on);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ N_S * cell_area, i,
+ thrp_sec_avr,
+ thrp_sec_60,
+ thrp_sec_90,
+ t_off, t_switch, t_on);
+#else
printf("%lf, %d, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %d, %lf\n", N_S * cell_area, i, thrp_sec_avr);
-#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
-
+#endif // PRINT_T_MODES
} /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
fclose(fp_g);
fclose(fp_w);
return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/model/harv_stor_tradeoff.c b/model/harv_stor_tradeoff.c
index b83dc95..72b6875 100644
--- a/model/harv_stor_tradeoff.c
+++ b/model/harv_stor_tradeoff.c
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-/*
- ******************************
- harv_stor_tradeoff.c
- usage:
- windows: harv_stor.exe data\2018denver.txt
- unix: ./harv_stor.exe data/2018denver.txt
- output: .csv in 'results' folders
- ******************************
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
@@ -20,17 +17,17 @@
// #define ENHANTSD
-#ifdef NREL// for NREL
+#ifdef NREL // for NREL
#define SLOT_NUMBER 1300
- #define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
+ #define SLOT_UNIT 1.0
#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSA // for EnHANTs A, < 5 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.001
-#endif
+#endif
-#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
+#ifdef ENHANTSD // for EnHANTs D, < 25 W/m^2
#define SLOT_NUMBER 5000
#define SLOT_UNIT 0.005
#endif
@@ -44,21 +41,20 @@ double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap);
-int main (int argv, char** argc)
-{
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// general variables
- double g; // irradiance
- double cap; // capacitance
+ double g; // irradiance
+ double cap; // capacitance
double v_ave;
double g_ave;
double fwpg;
- double metric;
- double metric_max; // for recording the maximum cost function metric
+ double metric;
+ double metric_max; // for recording the maximum cost function metric
// test range parameters
- int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
- double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
- double cell_area; // area per cell
+ int c_min, c_max, c_step; // energy storage test range
+ double s_min, s_max, s_step; // area (surface, S) of energy harvester test range
+ double cell_area; // area per cell
// compared variables
double cap_min, cap_opt, cap_max;
@@ -67,18 +63,19 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
double t_recharge_min, t_recharge_opt, t_recharge_max;
// arrays
- int slot; // free slot index
- unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of g in each slot
- double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
+ int slot; // free slot index
+ unsigned long g_distrib[SLOT_NUMBER]; // number of g in each slot
+ double t_ratio[SLOT_NUMBER]; // time ratio in each slot
double i_harvest[SLOT_NUMBER];
double thrp_sec[SLOT_NUMBER];
- for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
+ for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ g_distrib[slot] = 0; // init g_distrib
- // data reading variables
- unsigned long int data_number = 0; // for recording data volume (number of csv lines)
- char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
+ // data reading variables
+ unsigned long int data_number = 0; // data volume (number of csv lines)
+ char line[MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE];
char* delete;
- char delims[] = " ,";
+ char delims[] = " ,";
// file pointers
FILE* fp_g = NULL;
@@ -87,56 +84,50 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
char* filename = (char*) calloc(0x80, sizeof(char));
printf("Please enter the filename and path of dataset: \n");
fgets(filename, 0x80, stdin);
- if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
+ if (filename[strlen(filename) - 1] == '\n')
filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';
// open data file to read
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_g, filename, "r") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
if ((fp_g = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
-#endif
perror("Fail to read file");
-
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
// open result file to write
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp_w, "results\\harv_stor_tradeoff.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp_w = fopen("results/harv_stor_tradeoff.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
+ if ((fp_w = fopen("harv_stor_tradeoff.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
printf("Failed to write file.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // Sort out irradiance distribution
+ // !!!the following block should be modified according to your data file format!!!
while (fgets(line, MAX_CHARACTER_PER_LINE, fp_g)) {
- // !!! the following three lines should be modified according to data file format
delete = strtok(line, delims);
#ifdef NREL
delete = strtok(NULL, delims); // comment this line for EnHANTs, uncomment for NREL
#endif
- g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
+ g = atof(strtok(NULL, delims)); // read irradiance
if (g != g) {
// g = NAN
// print("NaN exist in dataset, please check.\n");
- }
- else {
+ } else {
#if defined ENHANTSA || defined ENHANTSD
- g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
+ g *= 1e-2; // uncomment for EnHANTs, comment for NREL
#endif
data_number++;
- if (g < 0) slot = 0;
- else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT) slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
- else slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
+ if (g < 0)
+ slot = 0;
+ else if (g >= SLOT_NUMBER * SLOT_UNIT)
+ slot = SLOT_NUMBER - 1;
+ else
+ slot = (int) (g / SLOT_UNIT);
g_distrib[slot]++;
}
}
// printf("slot: value:\n");
- // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
+ // for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++)
+ // printf("%10d %lu\n", slot, g_distrib[slot]);
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
t_ratio[slot] = (double) (g_distrib[slot]) / data_number;
@@ -146,9 +137,9 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// input from terminal
- printf("Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total): ", N_S);
+ printf("Please enter S_min S_max S_step (area PER CELL (mm^2), %d cells total):\n", N_S);
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &s_min, &s_max, &s_step);
- printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer): ");
+ printf("Please enter c_min c_max c_step (uF, integer):\n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &c_min, &c_max, &c_step);
// output to terminal and file
@@ -167,13 +158,13 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
- v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
+ v_ave = (V_R + V_S) / 2; // voltage for switch mode
/* ------ loop beginning for sizing harvester ------ */
for (cell_area = s_min; cell_area <= s_max; cell_area += s_step) {
-
/* ------ Sort out Iharvest distribution ------ */
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot++) {
- g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT; // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ // take the medium of a slot as the mean g
+ g_ave = (slot + 0.5) * SLOT_UNIT;
i_harvest[slot] = pvCellCurrent(g_ave, v_ave, cell_area);
}
@@ -183,8 +174,8 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// code identical with sizing storage loop
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -202,13 +193,12 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
// metric_max = cost_function(fwpg_min, cap_min);
metric_max = 0.0;
for (int i = c_min; i <= c_max; i += c_step) {
-
- cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
+ cap = i * 1e-6; // c = i uF
for (slot = 0; slot < SLOT_NUMBER; slot ++) {
thrp_sec[slot] = onTimeRatio(i_harvest[slot], cap);
- // error checking
- if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
+ // error checking
+ if (thrp_sec[slot] < 0.0) {
printf("Storage not enough.\n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
@@ -228,7 +218,7 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
cap_opt = cap;
}
if (fwpg > fwpg_max) {
- fwpg_max = fwpg;
+ fwpg_max = fwpg;
cap_max = cap;
}
} /* ------ loop end for sizing storage ------ */
@@ -239,43 +229,43 @@ int main (int argv, char** argc)
t_recharge_min = recharge_time(cap_min);
t_recharge_opt = recharge_time(cap_opt);
t_recharge_max = recharge_time(cap_max);
-
fprintf(fp_w, "%.2lf, ", N_S * cell_area);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%.2lf, %.2lf, %.2lf, ", cap_min * 1e6, cap_opt * 1e6, cap_max * 1e6);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%.2lf, %.2lf, %.2lf, ",
+ cap_min * 1e6, cap_opt * 1e6, cap_max * 1e6);
// printf("%lf\n", metric_max);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, ", fwpg_min, fwpg_opt, fwpg_max, fwpg_opt/fwpg_max);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, ", capvol_min, capvol_opt, capvol_max);
- fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf\n", t_recharge_min, t_recharge_opt, t_recharge_max);
-
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, ",
+ fwpg_min, fwpg_opt, fwpg_max, fwpg_opt/fwpg_max);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf, ",
+ capvol_min, capvol_opt, capvol_max);
+ fprintf(fp_w, "%lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ t_recharge_min, t_recharge_opt, t_recharge_max);
} /* ------ loop end for sizing harvester ------ */
fclose(fp_g);
fclose(fp_w);
+ printf("\nSee results in 'harv_stor_tradeoff.csv'.\n");
+
return 0;
}
-double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap)
-{
+double cost_function(double fwpg, double cap) {
double metric;
- // metric = pow(fwpg, W1) /
+ // metric = pow(fwpg, W1) /
// pow(cap_volume(cap), W2) /
- // pow(recharge_time(cap), W3);
+ // pow(recharge_time(cap), W3);
- metric = fwpg / 0.2 - pow(cap_volume(cap) / 200.0, 2) - pow(recharge_time(cap), 2);
-
- return metric;
+ metric = fwpg / 0.2 - pow(cap_volume(cap) / 200.0, 2) - pow(recharge_time(cap), 2);
+ return metric;
}
-double cap_volume(double cap)
-{
+double cap_volume(double cap) {
return (double) 2.172 * pow(cap * 1e6, 0.685);
}
-double recharge_time(double cap)
-{
+double recharge_time(double cap) {
double current_supply = 0.5e-3;
return ((cap * (V_R - V_S) + T_SAVE * (current_supply - I_S)) / (current_supply - I_SLEEP) + T_RESTORE);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/model/model.c b/model/model.c
index c4bd32b..d6f1be2 100644
--- a/model/model.c
+++ b/model/model.c
@@ -1,28 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
#include "model.h"
// args: irradiance g (W/m^2), operating voltage v (V), cell_area (mm^2)
// return: harvested current (A)
-double pvCellCurrent(double g, double v, double cell_area)
-{
- if (v < 0){
+double pvCellCurrent(double g, double v, double cell_area) {
+ if (v < 0) {
printf("PV cell voltage < 0! Abnormal. \n");
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
- double Voc = V_OC_CELL * N_S; // V
- double Isc = I_SC_MM2 * cell_area; //
- double Vmpp = V_MPP_CELL * N_S; // Vmpp
- double Impp = I_MPP_MM2 * cell_area; // Impp
- double Gpu; // percentage irradiance
- double i;
+ double Voc = V_OC_CELL * N_S; // V
+ double Isc = I_SC_MM2 * cell_area;
+ double Vmpp = V_MPP_CELL * N_S; // Vmpp
+ double Impp = I_MPP_MM2 * cell_area; // Impp
+ double Gpu; // percentage irradiance
+ double i;
if (g < 0) g = 0;
Gpu = g / G_REF;
- if (v > Voc) i = 0;
- else i = Gpu * Isc * (1 - exp(log(1 - Impp / Isc) * (v - Voc) / (Vmpp - Voc)));
+ if (v > Voc)
+ i = 0;
+ else
+ i = Gpu * Isc * (1 - exp(log(1 - Impp / Isc)
+ * (v - Voc) / (Vmpp - Voc)));
return i;
}
-double capCurrentLeak(double cap)
-{
+double capCurrentLeak(double cap) {
double i_leak;
// Aluminium
@@ -31,53 +39,51 @@ double capCurrentLeak(double cap)
// Tantalum AVX TAJ
double v_ratio = ((V_R + V_S) / 2.0) / V_RATED_CAP;
- double i_leak_ratio = I_LEAK_RATIO_START * pow(1 / I_LEAK_RATIO_START, v_ratio);
+ double i_leak_ratio = I_LEAK_RATIO_START
+ * pow(1 / I_LEAK_RATIO_START, v_ratio);
i_leak = K_CAP_LEAK * cap * V_RATED_CAP * i_leak_ratio;
-
return i_leak;
}
-double onTimeRatio(double i_supply, double cap)
-{
+double onTimeRatio(double i_supply, double cap) {
double i_leak;
- double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
+ double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
double v_pr;
double v_ps;
double t_exe, t_charge;
double t_period;
- double t_exe_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
+ double t_exe_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
i_leak = capCurrentLeak(cap);
i_in = i_supply - i_leak;
if (cap < minCapRisk(i_supply)) {
- // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n"
- // , cap * 1e6);
- return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
- }
+ // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n", cap * 1e6);
+ return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
+ }
if (i_in < I_SLEEP) t_exe_percent = 0.0;
else if (i_in > I_EXE) t_exe_percent = 1.0;
else {
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
+ v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
#else
v_pr = (i_in - I_R) * T_RESTORE / cap + V_R;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
+#endif // HIBERNUS
v_ps = (i_in - I_S) * T_SAVE / cap + V_S;
-
+
t_exe = cap * (v_pr - V_S) / (I_EXE - i_in);
t_charge = cap * (V_R - v_ps) / (i_in - I_SLEEP);
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE; // no restore after sleep
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE; // no restore after sleep
#else
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE + T_RESTORE;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
-
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE + T_RESTORE;
+#endif // HIBERNUS
+
t_exe_percent = t_exe / t_period;
}
@@ -85,138 +91,137 @@ double onTimeRatio(double i_supply, double cap)
}
-double onTimeRatio_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save)
-{
+double onTimeRatio_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save) {
double i_leak;
- double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
+ double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
double v_pr;
double v_ps;
double t_exe, t_charge;
double t_period;
- double t_exe_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
+ double t_exe_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
i_leak = capCurrentLeak(cap);
i_in = i_supply - i_leak;
if (cap < minCapRisk_RS(i_supply, t_restore, t_save)) {
- // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n"
- // , cap * 1e6);
- return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
- }
+ // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n", cap * 1e6);
+ return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
+ }
if (i_in < I_SLEEP) t_exe_percent = 0.0;
else if (i_in > I_EXE) t_exe_percent = 1.0;
- else{
+ else {
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
+ v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
#else
v_pr = (i_in - I_R) * t_restore / cap + V_R;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
+#endif // HIBERNUS
v_ps = (i_in - I_S) * t_save / cap + V_S;
-
+
t_exe = cap * (v_pr - V_S) / (I_EXE - i_in);
t_charge = cap * (V_R - v_ps) / (i_in - I_SLEEP);
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save; // no restore after sleep
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save; // no restore after sleep
#else
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save + t_restore;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
-
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save + t_restore;
+#endif // HIBERNUS
+
t_exe_percent = t_exe / t_period;
}
return t_exe_percent;
}
-double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save)
-{
+double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save) {
double i_leak;
- double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
+ double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
double v_pr;
double v_ps;
double t_exe, t_charge;
double t_period;
- double t_rs_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
+ double t_rs_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
i_leak = capCurrentLeak(cap);
i_in = i_supply - i_leak;
if (cap < minCapRisk_RS(i_supply, t_restore, t_save)) {
- // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n"
- // , cap * 1e6);
- return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
- }
+ // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n", cap * 1e6);
+ return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
+ }
if (i_in < I_SLEEP) t_rs_percent = -1.0;
else if (i_in > I_EXE) t_rs_percent = -1.0;
- else{
-
+ else {
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
+ v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
#else
v_pr = (i_in - I_R) * t_restore / cap + V_R;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
+#endif // HIBERNUS
v_ps = (i_in - I_S) * t_save / cap + V_S;
-
+
t_exe = cap * (v_pr - V_S) / (I_EXE - i_in);
t_charge = cap * (V_R - v_ps) / (i_in - I_SLEEP);
#ifdef HIBERNUS
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save; // no restore after sleep
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save; // no restore after sleep
#else
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save + t_restore;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
-
+ t_period = t_exe + t_charge + t_save + t_restore;
+#endif // HIBERNUS
+
t_rs_percent = (t_restore + t_save) / t_period;
}
return t_rs_percent;
}
// Safe min. cap
-double minCap()
-{
- double cap_r, cap_s;
- cap_r = I_R * T_RESTORE / (V_R - V_S);
+double minCap() {
+ double cap_r, cap_s;
+ cap_r = I_R * T_RESTORE / (V_R - V_S);
cap_s = I_S * T_SAVE / (V_S - V_OFF);
return (cap_r > cap_s) ? cap_r : cap_s;
}
-double minCap_RS(double t_restore, double t_save)
-{
- double cap_r, cap_s;
- cap_r = I_R * t_restore / (V_R - V_S);
+double minCap_RS(double t_restore, double t_save) {
+ double cap_r, cap_s;
+ cap_r = I_R * t_restore / (V_R - V_S);
cap_s = I_S * t_save / (V_S - V_OFF);
return (cap_r > cap_s) ? cap_r : cap_s;
}
// Risky min. cap
-double minCapRisk(double i_supply)
-{
- double cap_r, cap_s;
+double minCapRisk(double i_supply) {
+ double cap_r, cap_s;
- if (i_supply > I_R) cap_r = 0;
- else cap_r = (I_R - i_supply) * T_RESTORE / (V_R - V_S);
+ if (i_supply > I_R)
+ cap_r = 0;
+ else
+ cap_r = (I_R - i_supply) * T_RESTORE / (V_R - V_S);
- if (i_supply > I_S) cap_s = 0;
- else cap_s = (I_S - i_supply) * T_SAVE / (V_S - V_OFF);
+ if (i_supply > I_S)
+ cap_s = 0;
+ else
+ cap_s = (I_S - i_supply) * T_SAVE / (V_S - V_OFF);
return (cap_r > cap_s) ? cap_r : cap_s;
}
-double minCapRisk_RS(double i_supply, double t_restore, double t_save)
-{
- double cap_r, cap_s;
+double minCapRisk_RS(double i_supply, double t_restore, double t_save) {
+ double cap_r, cap_s;
- if (i_supply > I_R) cap_r = 0;
- else cap_r = (I_R - i_supply) * t_restore / (V_R - V_S);
+ if (i_supply > I_R)
+ cap_r = 0;
+ else
+ cap_r = (I_R - i_supply) * t_restore / (V_R - V_S);
- if (i_supply > I_S) cap_s = 0;
- else cap_s = (I_S - i_supply) * t_save / (V_S - V_OFF);
+ if (i_supply > I_S)
+ cap_s = 0;
+ else
+ cap_s = (I_S - i_supply) * t_save / (V_S - V_OFF);
return (cap_r > cap_s) ? cap_r : cap_s;
}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/model.h b/model/model.h
index 272e969..a3ebd64 100644
--- a/model/model.h
+++ b/model/model.h
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
#ifndef _MODEL_H
#define _MODEL_H
@@ -56,30 +63,30 @@ double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save);
// Reference: Panasonic Amorton Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells
// Open-circuit voltage
-#define V_OC_CELL 0.89 // 0.89 V per cell
+#define V_OC_CELL 0.89 // 0.89 V per cell
// Short-circuit current
-#define I_SC_MM2 0.148e-3 // A/mm^2, (14.8 mA/cm^2) per cell
-// Maximum power point voltage
-#define V_MPP_CELL 0.65 // 0.65 V per cell
+#define I_SC_MM2 0.148e-3 // A/mm^2, (14.8 mA/cm^2) per cell
+// Maximum power point voltage
+#define V_MPP_CELL 0.65 // 0.65 V per cell
// Maximum power point current
-#define I_MPP_MM2 0.121e-3 // A/mm^2, (12.1 mA/cm^2) per cell
+#define I_MPP_MM2 0.121e-3 // A/mm^2, (12.1 mA/cm^2) per cell
// Reference irradiance for the measurements above
#define G_REF 1000.0
// No. of cells in series, to scale voltage
-#define N_S 4 // to get a 3.56V Voc to match MCU max operating voltage 3.6V
-// Default area per cell, to scale current
-#define DEFAULT_CELL_AREA 10.0 // mm^2 default area of a cell
+#define N_S 4 // to get a 3.56V Voc to match MCU max operating voltage 3.6V
+// Default area per cell, to scale current
+#define DEFAULT_CELL_AREA 10.0 // mm^2 default area of a cell
// Not use no. of cell in parallel due to poor granularity
-// #define N_P 1 // reserved
+// #define N_P 1 // reserved
// ---------------------------------------
// Capacitor model parameters
// Reference: AVX TAJ series, and "Low Leakage Current Aspect of Designing with
// Tantalum and Niobium Oxide Capacitors"
-#define V_RATED_CAP 10.0 // 10V rated voltage
-#define K_CAP_LEAK 0.01 // for AVX TAJ tantalum, 0.01
+#define V_RATED_CAP 10.0 // 10V rated voltage
+#define K_CAP_LEAK 0.01 // for AVX TAJ tantalum, 0.01
#define I_LEAK_RATIO_START 0.05
@@ -87,9 +94,9 @@ double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save);
// ---------------------------------------
// Load model parameters, after 17 Oct 2019
// Experimentally measured data
-// Experiment setup:
+// Experiment setup:
// Master Clock frequency 8 MHz
-// 1.2V Vref module,
+// 1.2V Vref module,
// Internal comparator (w/ 3Mohms voltage divider),
// Workload Dijkstra,
// RAM usage 1696B.
@@ -99,46 +106,46 @@ double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save);
// Sleep current draw
#define I_SLEEP 26e-6 // A, 26uA @ 2.1 ~ 2.4V, measured 6 Dec 2019
-// #define I_SLEEP 27e-6 // A, 27uA
-// #define I_SLEEP 10e-6 // A, 10uA demo
-// #define I_SLEEP 400e-6 // A, 400uA ADC voltage polling
+// #define I_SLEEP 27e-6 // A, 27uA
+// #define I_SLEEP 10e-6 // A, 10uA demo
+// #define I_SLEEP 400e-6 // A, 400uA ADC voltage polling
// Execute current draw
-#define I_EXE 887e-6 // A, 887uA @ 2.1 ~ 2.4V, measured 6 Dec 2019
-// #define I_EXE 895e-6 // A, 895uA Dijkstra
+#define I_EXE 887e-6 // A, 887uA @ 2.1 ~ 2.4V, measured 6 Dec 2019
+// #define I_EXE 895e-6 // A, 895uA Dijkstra
// Current mean 0.8957mA min 0.8330mA max 0.9260mA, Voltage 3.2882V
// #define I_EXE 1e-3 // A, 1mA demo
-// #define I_EXE 870e-6 // A, 870uA counting down (w/ ADC)
+// #define I_EXE 870e-6 // A, 870uA counting down (w/ ADC)
// Restore current draw
-#define I_R 971e-6 // A, 971uA @ 2.4V, measured 6 Dec 2019
+#define I_R 971e-6 // A, 971uA @ 2.4V, measured 6 Dec 2019
// #define I_R 1020e-6 // A, 1020uA
// #define I_R 1e-3 // A, same as I_EXE
-// Save (hibernate) current draw
-#define I_S 811e-6 // A, 811uA @ 2.1V, measured 6 Dec 2019
+// Save (hibernate) current draw
+#define I_S 811e-6 // A, 811uA @ 2.1V, measured 6 Dec 2019
// #define I_S 902e-6 // A, 902uA
// #define I_S 1e-3 // A, same as I_EXE
-#define V_OFF 1.8 // V, ref: msp430fr6989 datasheet, Table 5-2
+#define V_OFF 1.8 // V, ref: msp430fr6989 datasheet, Table 5-2
// Restore threshold
-#define V_R 2.4 // V, Comparator E, measured roughly
+#define V_R 2.4 // V, Comparator E, measured roughly
// #define V_R 2.3 // V, hibernus
// Save threshold
-#define V_S 2.1 // V, Comparator E, measured roughly
+#define V_S 2.1 // V, Comparator E, measured roughly
// #define V_S 2.2 // V, hibernate threshold
// Restore/Save time overheads
-#define T_RESTORE_MAX 2.298e-3 // second, full RAM 2048B
-#define T_SAVE_MAX 2.274e-3 // second, full RAM 2048B
-#define T_RESTORE_MIN 0.232e-3 // second, least RAM 160B stack
-#define T_SAVE_MIN 0.208e-3 // second, least RAM 160B stack
+#define T_RESTORE_MAX 2.298e-3 // second, full RAM 2048B
+#define T_SAVE_MAX 2.274e-3 // second, full RAM 2048B
+#define T_RESTORE_MIN 0.232e-3 // second, least RAM 160B stack
+#define T_SAVE_MIN 0.208e-3 // second, least RAM 160B stack
// #define T_RS_SCALE
#ifdef T_RS_SCALE
// if time overheads linearly scaled by RAM usage
- #define RAM_USAGE_TUNE 1.0 // 0 ~ 1, scaling factor
+ #define RAM_USAGE_TUNE 1.0 // 0 ~ 1, scaling factor
#define T_RESTORE (T_RESTORE_MIN + \
(T_RESTORE_MAX - \
T_RESTORE_MIN) * \
@@ -151,28 +158,28 @@ double rsto_RS(double i_supply, double cap, double t_restore, double t_save);
// if given with a certain value
#define T_RESTORE 1.903e-3
#define T_SAVE 1.880e-3
-#endif // T_RS_SCALE
+#endif // T_RS_SCALE
-// use clock frequency in the metric if needed
-#define PERF_ACTIVE 8.0 // MHz
-#define PERF_INACTIVE 0.0 // MHz
+// use clock frequency in the metric if needed
+#define PERF_ACTIVE 8.0 // MHz
+#define PERF_INACTIVE 0.0 // MHz
-#define HIBERNUS
+#define HIBERNUS
// if HIBERNUS, only restore after brownout, no restore after sleep
// if not HIBERNUS, restore after brownout and sleep
// ---------------------------------------
// Old Parameters (obsolete)
-// const double power[3] = {0.0, 1.10e-6, 2.79e-3}; // W, msp430fr6989, Hibernus++
+// const double power[3] = {0.0, 1.10e-6, 2.79e-3}; // W, msp430fr6989, Hibernus++
// const double perf [3] = {0.0, 0.0, 8.0}; // MHz
// const double time_step = 0.005;
-// const double V_OFF = 2.0;
+// const double V_OFF = 2.0;
// const double E_HIBERNATE = 2.99e-6; // Graceful;
// const double E_RESTORE = 3.56e-6; // unit J
// const double T_HIBERNATE = 1.40e-3; // unit second
// const double T_RESTORE = 1.35e-3;
-// const double APP_CYCLE = 0.1; // 0.1 million cycles to complete one FFT iteration, refer to slaa698b
+// const double APP_CYCLE = 0.1; // 0.1 million cycles to complete one FFT iteration, refer to slaa698b
// const double V_OC = 1.80;
// const double I_SC = 0.275 / 3000.0;
// const double V_M = 1.50; // given from datasheet
diff --git a/model/rs_to_ram.c b/model/rs_to_ram.c
index b270476..aeb309d 100644
--- a/model/rs_to_ram.c
+++ b/model/rs_to_ram.c
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+
/*
* rs_to_ram.c
* (restore/save time overheads of RAM)
@@ -13,14 +21,13 @@
#include "model.h"
/* ----------- Macros ----------- */
-#define I_SUPPLY 0.4e-3
+#define I_SUPPLY 0.4e-3
/* ------ Global Variables ------ */
/* ------ Function Declare ------ */
/* ------------ Main ------------ */
-int main(int argv, char** argc)
-{
- double scale_factor;
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
+ double scale_factor;
double t_restore;
double t_save;
unsigned int test_num;
@@ -29,20 +36,15 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
double cap_min;
double cap_opt;
const double cap_step = 1e-6;
- const double cap_max = 400e-6;
+ const double cap_max = 400e-6;
double fwp_mincap;
double fwp_optcap;
double fwp_temp;
-
-
FILE* fp1 = NULL;
-#ifdef _WIN64
- if (fopen_s(&fp1, "results\\rs_to_ram.csv", "w") != 0) {
-#elif __APPLE__
- if ((fp1 = fopen("results/rs_to_ram.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
-#endif
+
+ if ((fp1 = fopen("rs_to_ram.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
printf("Failed to write file rs_to.csv.\n");
return 1;
}
@@ -52,18 +54,13 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
printf("T_RESTORE_MIN: %.3lf ms, T_SAVE_MIN: %.3lf ms\n", T_RESTORE_MIN * 1e3, T_SAVE_MIN * 1e3);
printf("T_RESTORE_MAX: %.3lf ms, T_SAVE_MAX: %.3lf ms\n", T_RESTORE_MAX * 1e3, T_SAVE_MAX * 1e3);
printf("\nPlease enter No. of tests (divisions): ");
-
-#ifdef _WIN64
- scanf_s("%d", &test_num);
-#elif __APPLE__
scanf("%d", &test_num);
-#endif
-
+
printf("\nFind optimal capacity with granularity %.2lf uF and below %.2lf uF...\n", cap_step * 1e6, cap_max * 1e6);
fprintf(fp1, "ram usage, state size, fwp_opt, fwp_mincap, fwp_impr, opt_cap, min_cap, rsto reduction, fwp of opt_cap for min ram, fwp of opt_cap for max ram\n");
for (int i = 0; i <= (test_num - 1); i++) {
- scale_factor = (double) i / (test_num - 1);
+ scale_factor = (double) i / (test_num - 1);
t_restore = T_RESTORE_MIN + (T_RESTORE_MAX - T_RESTORE_MIN) * scale_factor;
t_save = T_SAVE_MIN + (T_SAVE_MAX - T_SAVE_MIN) * scale_factor;
@@ -80,27 +77,17 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
cap_opt = cap;
}
}
- fprintf(fp1, "%.3lf, %.1lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %.3lf, %.3lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
- scale_factor, scale_factor * 1888 + 224,
- fwp_optcap, fwp_mincap, fwp_optcap / fwp_mincap - 1,
- cap_opt * 1e6, cap_min * 1e6,
+ fprintf(fp1, "%.3lf, %.1lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %.3lf, %.3lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n",
+ scale_factor, scale_factor * 1888 + 224,
+ fwp_optcap, fwp_mincap, fwp_optcap / fwp_mincap - 1,
+ cap_opt * 1e6, cap_min * 1e6,
1 - rsto_RS(I_SUPPLY, cap_opt, t_restore, t_save) / rsto_RS(I_SUPPLY, cap_min, t_restore, t_save),
onTimeRatio_RS(I_SUPPLY, cap_opt, T_RESTORE_MIN, T_SAVE_MIN),
onTimeRatio_RS(I_SUPPLY, cap_opt, T_RESTORE_MAX, T_SAVE_MAX));
}
- printf("\nOutput in .\\results\\rs_to.csv\n");
+ printf("\nOutput in rs_to.csv\n");
fclose(fp1);
return 0;
}
-
-/*
- * How to write this code
- * Input:
- * Output:
- * X - Time overheads (ms) / RAM usage (percentage) / Percentage scaling factor
- * Y - Max Fwp, Opt cap, Fwp with min cap, Min cap
- * Condition: Supply current? Pick a medium value first. e.g. 400 uA
- *
- */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/show_period.c b/model/show_period.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 42b1849..0000000
--- a/model/show_period.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-#include "model.h"
-
-int main(int argv, char** argc)
-{
-
- double i_supply;
- double cap;
-
- double i_leak;
- double i_in; // just for denoting i_harvest - i_leak
- double v_pr;
- double v_ps;
- double t_exe, t_charge;
- double t_period;
- double t_exe_percent; // 0 ~ 1, ratio of actual active time to total time
-
- printf("I_supply, Cap, T_period, T_exe, T_exe_ratio, F_out\n");
- // for (i_supply = 0.05e-3; i_supply < 0.92e-3; i_supply += 0.01e-3) {
- for (i_supply = 0.0e-3; i_supply < 0.9e-3; i_supply += 0.01e-3) {
- // for (cap = 10e-6; cap < 110e-6; cap +=10e-6) {
- cap = 43.0e-6;
- // i_leak = capCurrentLeak(cap);
- i_leak = 0.0;
- i_in = i_supply - i_leak;
-
- if (cap < minCapRisk(i_supply)) {
- // printf("Energy insufficient (in worst case, Iin = 0) at Cap = %.0lfuF.\n"
- // , cap * 1e6);
- return -1.0; // a negative value to indicate insufficient storage
- }
-
- if (i_in < I_SLEEP) t_exe_percent = 0.0;
- else if (i_in > I_EXE) t_exe_percent = 1.0;
- else{
-
-#ifdef HIBERNUS
- v_pr = V_R; // no restore after sleep
-#else
- v_pr = (i_in - I_R) * T_RESTORE / cap + V_R;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
-
- v_ps = (i_in - I_S) * T_SAVE / cap + V_S;
-
- t_exe = cap * (v_pr - V_S) / (I_EXE - i_in);
- t_charge = cap * (V_R - v_ps) / (i_in - I_SLEEP);
-
-#ifdef HIBERNUS
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE; // no restore after sleep
-#else
- t_period = t_exe + t_charge + T_SAVE + T_RESTORE;
-#endif // HIBERNUS
-
- t_exe_percent = t_exe / t_period;
- printf("%.2lf, %.1lf, %lf, %lf, %lf, %lf\n", i_supply * 1e3, cap * 1e6, t_period, t_exe, t_exe_percent, t_exe_percent * 620);
- // printf("%.2lf\n", i_supply * 1e3);
- // printf("%lf\n", t_exe_percent * 620);
- }
- // }
- }
-
-
- return 0;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/model/stor_constcurrent.c b/model/stor_constcurrent.c
index 798f8be..94c36f5 100644
--- a/model/stor_constcurrent.c
+++ b/model/stor_constcurrent.c
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019-2021, University of Southampton and Contributors.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+
+
/*
* stor_constcurrent.c
*
@@ -18,33 +26,32 @@
/* ----------- Macros ----------- */
-#define SUBMAX_FACTOR 0.95 // sub-optimal fwp definition
+#define SUBMAX_FACTOR 0.95 // sub-optimal fwp definition
/* ------ Global Variables ------ */
// capacitance test range
int c_min;
int c_step;
-unsigned int c_no; // number of cap tests incl. c_min
+unsigned int c_no; // number of cap tests incl. c_min
// supply current test range
double i_min;
double i_step;
-unsigned int i_no; // number of current tests incl. i_min
+unsigned int i_no; // number of current tests incl. i_min
-/* ------ Function Declare ------ */
-int print_csv(double**, double**, int, int, int);
+/* ------ Function Declarations ------ */
+int print_csv(double**, double**, int, int, int);
void cap_tolerance(double, double);
// results print function tailored to this program
/* ----------- Main ------------- */
-int main(int argv, char** argc)
-{
+int main(int argv, char** argc) {
// two main variables
- double cap; // capacitance
- double current; // supply current
+ double cap; // capacitance
+ double current; // supply current
// maximum / optimal values
double fwps_max;
@@ -58,8 +65,9 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
int cap_min_int = (int) ceil(minCap() * 1e6);
printf("\nMin capacity %lf uF. \n", minCap() * 1e6);
printf("Capacity below %d uF is always tested. \n", cap_min_int);
- printf("Suggested enter c_min as %d uF to gain a continuous curve. \n\n", cap_min_int);
-
+ printf("Suggested enter c_min as %d uF to gain a continuous curve. \n\n"
+ , cap_min_int);
+
// read test ranges of capacitance and current
printf("Please enter c_min c_step c_no (int int int, 'uF'): \n");
scanf("%d %d %d", &c_min, &c_step, &c_no);
@@ -67,19 +75,20 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
scanf("%lf %lf %d", &i_min, &i_step, &i_no);
// allocate memory for storing resutls
- // table for data with integral capacitance
+ // table for data with integral capacitance
double **table;
table = (double **) calloc(i_no, sizeof(double *));
for (int i = 0; i < i_no; i++) {
table[i] = (double *) calloc(c_no, sizeof(double));
}
-
+
// table for data below the minimum storage capacity
double **table_small_cap;
- table_small_cap = (double **) calloc(i_no + 1, sizeof(double *)); // one more column to store current values
+ // one more column to store current values
+ table_small_cap = (double **) calloc(i_no + 1, sizeof(double *));
for (int i = 0; i < i_no + 1; i++) {
- // take three points equally between minCapRisk and minCap
+ // take three points equally between minCapRisk and minCap
table_small_cap[i] = (double *) calloc(cap_min_int * 10, sizeof(double));
}
@@ -88,50 +97,56 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
// csv file to store those maximum / optimal values
FILE* fp1 = NULL;
- if ((fp1 = fopen("results\\stor_constcurrent_maxfwps.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
+ if ((fp1 = fopen("stor_constcurrent_maxfwps.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
printf("Failed to write file stor_constcurrent_maxfwps.csv.\n");
return 1;
}
fprintf(fp1, "current(mA),fwps_impr_max,cap_max,cap_submax,mincaprisk(uF)\n");
-
+ printf("\nCapacitance tolerance effect:\n");
+ printf("Current (A), Optimal Cap (uF), +20%%Cap (progress change), -20%%Cap (progress change)\n");
for (int j = 0; j < i_no; j++) {
-
current = (i_min + j * i_step) * 1e-3;
+
// small cap (< minCap) test
for (int i = 0; i < cap_min_int * 10; i++) {
- cap = i * 1e-7;
+ cap = i * 1e-7; // cap = ie-1 uF
// cap = minCapRisk(current) *
- // (NO_SMALL_CAP - i) /
+ // (NO_SMALL_CAP - i) /
// (double) NO_SMALL_CAP +
// minCap() *
// i / (double) NO_SMALL_CAP;
+
+ // last row of table_small_cap[][] stores capacitance values
if (j == 0) table_small_cap[i_no][i] = cap;
table_small_cap[j][i] = onTimeRatio(current, cap);
- if (fabs(table_small_cap[j][i] + 1.0) <= 1e-15) table_small_cap[j][i] = 0.0; // detect -1.0
- };
+ // detect -1.0, which indicates insufficient capacitance
+ if (fabs(table_small_cap[j][i] + 1.0) <= 1e-15)
+ table_small_cap[j][i] = 0.0;
+ }
- // int cap test
+ // int cap (> minCap) test
for (int i = 0; i < c_no; i++) {
- cap = (c_min + i * c_step) * 1e-6; // c = i uF
-
+ cap = (c_min + i * c_step) * 1e-6; // cap = i uF
+
table[j][i] = onTimeRatio(current, cap);
- // Here we use the actual active time percentage
- // to denote forward progressing speed.
- // A -1 return value represents a cap that smaller
- // than the safe minimum capacity.
+ // Here we use the actual active time percentage
+ // to denote forward progressing speed.
+ // A -1 return value represents a cap that smaller
+ // than the safe minimum capacity.
- if (fabs(table[j][i] + 1.0) <= 1e-15) table[j][i] = 0.0;
+ if (fabs(table[j][i] + 1.0) <= 1e-15)
+ table[j][i] = 0.0;
// find cap_max
if (i == 0) {
fwps_max = table[j][i];
cap_max = i;
- }
- else { // 0 < i < c_no
+ } else {
+ // 0 < i < c_no
if (table[j][i] > fwps_max) {
fwps_max = table[j][i];
cap_max = i;
@@ -144,23 +159,26 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
// find sub max
cap_submax = 0;
- while (table[j][cap_submax] / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1
- < SUBMAX_FACTOR * (fwps_max / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1))
+ while (table[j][cap_submax] / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1
+ < SUBMAX_FACTOR * (fwps_max / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1))
cap_submax++;
cap_submax = c_min + cap_submax * c_step;
fprintf(fp1, "%.2f, %.6lf, %d, %d, %lf\n",
- i_min + j * i_step, fwps_max / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1, cap_max, cap_submax, minCapRisk(current) * 1e6);
+ i_min + j * i_step, fwps_max / onTimeRatio(current, minCap()) - 1,
+ cap_max, cap_submax, minCapRisk(current) * 1e6);
}
// print results
- if (print_csv(table, table_small_cap, c_no, i_no, cap_min_int * 10) == 1)
+ if (print_csv(table, table_small_cap, c_no, i_no, cap_min_int * 10) == 1)
printf("Failed to write file stor_constcurrent.csv.\n");
fclose(fp1);
+ printf("See more results in 'stor_constcurrent.csv' and 'stor_constcurrent_maxfwps.csv'.\n");
+
return 0;
}
@@ -168,11 +186,10 @@ int main(int argv, char** argc)
* print out results to a csv file
* c_min and c_step are used to determine row headings
*/
-int print_csv(double **table, double **table_small_cap, int row, int col, int no_cap_small)
-{
+int print_csv(double **table, double **table_small_cap, int row, int col, int no_cap_small) {
// store
FILE* fp2 = NULL;
- if ((fp2 = fopen("results\\stor_constcurrent.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
+ if ((fp2 = fopen("stor_constcurrent.csv", "w")) == NULL) {
return 1;
}
@@ -186,16 +203,16 @@ int print_csv(double **table, double **table_small_cap, int row, int col, int no
for (int i = 0; i < no_cap_small; i++) {
// print values
fprintf(fp2, "%.1lf", table_small_cap[i_no][i] * 1e6);
- for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
+ for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
fprintf(fp2, ",%.6lf", table_small_cap[j][i]);
fprintf(fp2, "\n");
}
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
- // print row headings
+ // print row headings
fprintf(fp2, "%d", c_min + i * c_step);
// print values
- for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
+ for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
fprintf(fp2, ",%.6lf", table[j][i]);
fprintf(fp2, "\n");
}
@@ -204,16 +221,15 @@ int print_csv(double **table, double **table_small_cap, int row, int col, int no
return 0;
}
-void cap_tolerance(double current, double cap)
-{
+void cap_tolerance(double current, double cap) {
double fwpg = onTimeRatio(current, cap);
double fwpg_p20 = onTimeRatio(current, cap * 1.2);
double fwpg_m20 = onTimeRatio(current, cap * 0.8);
-
- printf("%lf, %.1lf, %.1lf (%lf), %.1lf (%lf)\n",
- current, cap * 1e6,
- cap * 1.2e6,
- fwpg_p20 / fwpg - 1,
- cap * 0.8e6,
+
+ printf("%lf, %.1lf, %.1lf (%lf), %.1lf (%lf)\n",
+ current, cap * 1e6,
+ cap * 1.2e6,
+ fwpg_p20 / fwpg - 1,
+ cap * 0.8e6,
fwpg_m20 / fwpg - 1);
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
--
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